<i>In Vitro</i> Inhibition of <i>Piper nigrum</i> and Piperine on Growth, Migration, and Invasion of PANC-1 Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Several dietary and medicinal herbs have been shown to be effective in the treatment prevention of cancer. Although Piper nigrum has anti-cancer activities against various cancer cells, its anti-pancreatic properties not reported. In present study, P. extract (PNE) inhibited proliferation PANC-1 human pancreatic cells. Flow cytometry showed G0/G1 arrest caused by PNE addition, Western blot analysis that suppressed protein levels cell cycle regulators such as cyclin B1, D1, survivin, Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1). These findings suggested inhibitory activity growth cells was correlated with repression regulators. Wound healing trans-well assays migration invasion Piperine, a major alkaloid nigrum, identified main component HPLC analysis. Piperine also attenuated growth, migration, suggesting contribution effects PNE. results demonstrate constituent, piperine, growth-inhibition, anti-migration, anti-invasion